Figures checked 1 November 2026
Election 2027: 16 Jan
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Up to four places side by side: Nigeria, its six zones and its 37 states. Every figure is on one scale, with its source.

  • Sokoto
  • Zamfara
  • Kebbi
  • Borno

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State · North West

Sokoto

Capital: Sokoto

Fertility rate (survey)
5.4 births per woman2024 · 11 of 37
Literacy, women
16.4%2024 · 36 of 37
Basic vaccination
8.4%2024 · 37 of 37

State · North West

Zamfara

Capital: Gusau

Fertility rate (survey)
6.3 births per woman2024 · 5 of 37
Literacy, women
25.0%2024 · 32 of 37
Basic vaccination
9.6%2024 · 36 of 37

State · North West

Kebbi

Capital: Birnin Kebbi

Fertility rate (survey)
6.6 births per woman2024 · 3 of 37
Literacy, women
10.7%2024 · 37 of 37
Basic vaccination
9.7%2024 · 35 of 37

State · North East

Borno

Capital: Maiduguri

Fertility rate (survey)
6.5 births per woman2024 · 4 of 37
Literacy, women
43.8%2024 · 27 of 37
Basic vaccination
28.5%2024 · 28 of 37

Key differences

Scorecard

FigureSokotoZamfaraKebbiBorno
Population
Fertility rate (survey)5.4 births per woman 2024 · 11/376.3 births per woman 2024 · 5/376.6 births per woman 2024 · 3/37Highest6.5 births per woman 2024 · 4/37
Health
Basic vaccination8.4% 2024 · 37/379.6% 2024 · 36/379.7% 2024 · 35/3728.5% 2024 · 28/37Highest
Births in a health facility12.5% 2024 · 36/3715.3% 2024 · 35/378.8% 2024 · 37/3745.9% 2024 · 23/37Highest
Child stunting42.8% 2024 · 13/3764.2% 2024 · 2/37Highest60.0% 2024 · 4/3740.9% 2024 · 14/37
Under-5 mortality (survey)109 per 1,000 births 2024 · 11/37119 per 1,000 births 2024 · 10/37159 per 1,000 births 2024 · 2/37Highest86 per 1,000 births 2024 · 15/37
Education
Literacy, men39.4% 2024 · 36/3755.6% 2024 · 32/3734.8% 2024 · 37/3756.1% 2024 · 31/37Highest
Literacy, women16.4% 2024 · 36/3725.0% 2024 · 32/3710.7% 2024 · 37/3743.8% 2024 · 27/37Highest
Energy
Households with electricity21.8% 2024 · 35/3727.0% 2024 · 31/37Highest18.8% 2024 · 36/3723.8% 2024 · 33/37

“Highest” marks the largest value, not the best result: for some figures, such as child deaths, lower is better. Ranks are among the states in the same survey round.

Then and now

How each figure changed between the earliest and latest period all 4 places share. Whether a rise is good news depends on the figure.

Fertility rate (survey)2013 to 2024
75.48.46.36.76.64.76.5
  • Sokoto−1.6
  • Zamfara−2.1
  • Kebbi−0.1
  • Borno+1.8

Biggest change: Zamfara, which fell by 2.1 births per woman.

Basic vaccination2013 to 2024
1.4%8.4%2.1%9.6%2.8%9.7%9.7%28.5%
  • Sokoto+7.0 points
  • Zamfara+7.5 points
  • Kebbi+6.9 points
  • Borno+18.8 points

Biggest change: Borno, which rose by 18.8 points.

Births in a health facility2013 to 2024
5.7%12.5%5.5%15.3%9.3%8.8%17.9%45.9%
  • Sokoto+6.8 points
  • Zamfara+9.8 points
  • Kebbi−0.5 points
  • Borno+28.0 points

Biggest change: Borno, which rose by 28.0 points.

Child stunting2013 to 2024
51.6%42.8%55.9%64.2%60.6%60.0%26.8%40.9%
  • Sokoto−8.8 points
  • Zamfara+8.3 points
  • Kebbi−0.6 points
  • Borno+14.1 points

Biggest change: Borno, which rose by 14.1 points.

Under-5 mortality (survey)2013 to 2024
2101092561191941597986
  • Sokoto−101
  • Zamfara−137
  • Kebbi−35
  • Borno+7

Biggest change: Zamfara, which fell by 137 per 1,000 births.

Literacy, men2013 to 2024
41.5%39.4%55.8%55.6%40.3%34.8%41.7%56.1%
  • Sokoto−2.1 points
  • Zamfara−0.2 points
  • Kebbi−5.5 points
  • Borno+14.4 points

Biggest change: Borno, which rose by 14.4 points.

Literacy, women2013 to 2024
10.2%16.4%10.6%25.0%13.2%10.7%22.2%43.8%
  • Sokoto+6.2 points
  • Zamfara+14.4 points
  • Kebbi−2.5 points
  • Borno+21.6 points

Biggest change: Borno, which rose by 21.6 points.

Households with electricity2013 to 2024
38.9%21.8%29.1%27.0%44.4%18.8%33.0%23.8%
  • Sokoto−17.1 points
  • Zamfara−2.1 points
  • Kebbi−25.6 points
  • Borno−9.2 points

Biggest change: Kebbi, which fell by 25.6 points.

Most similar states

The states whose figures are closest overall, across every figure published for all states. Similar figures, not a judgement.

Figure by figure

Population

Total fertility rate (DHS, births per woman)

  • Sokoto5.4 births per woman2024 · 11 of 37 states
  • Zamfara6.3 births per woman2024 · 5 of 37 states
  • Kebbi6.6 births per woman2024 · 3 of 37 states
  • Borno6.5 births per woman2024 · 4 of 37 states

Fertility rate (survey): highest in Kebbi (6.6 births per woman), lowest in Sokoto (5.4 births per woman), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Health

Children 12–23 months with all basic vaccinations (%)

  • Sokoto8.4%2024 · 37 of 37 states
  • Zamfara9.6%2024 · 36 of 37 states
  • Kebbi9.7%2024 · 35 of 37 states
  • Borno28.5%2024 · 28 of 37 states

Basic vaccination: highest in Borno (28.5%), lowest in Sokoto (8.4%), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Births delivered in a health facility (%)

  • Sokoto12.5%2024 · 36 of 37 states
  • Zamfara15.3%2024 · 35 of 37 states
  • Kebbi8.8%2024 · 37 of 37 states
  • Borno45.9%2024 · 23 of 37 states

Births in a health facility: highest in Borno (45.9%), lowest in Kebbi (8.8%), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Children under 5 who are stunted (%)

  • Sokoto42.8%2024 · 13 of 37 states
  • Zamfara64.2%2024 · 2 of 37 states
  • Kebbi60.0%2024 · 4 of 37 states
  • Borno40.9%2024 · 14 of 37 states

Child stunting: highest in Zamfara (64.2%), lowest in Borno (40.9%), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Under-five mortality rate (DHS, per 1,000 live births)

  • Sokoto109 per 1,000 births2024 · 11 of 37 states
  • Zamfara119 per 1,000 births2024 · 10 of 37 states
  • Kebbi159 per 1,000 births2024 · 2 of 37 states
  • Borno86 per 1,000 births2024 · 15 of 37 states

Under-5 mortality (survey): highest in Kebbi (159 per 1,000 births), lowest in Borno (86 per 1,000 births), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Education

Men aged 15–49 who are literate (%)

  • Sokoto39.4%2024 · 36 of 37 states
  • Zamfara55.6%2024 · 32 of 37 states
  • Kebbi34.8%2024 · 37 of 37 states
  • Borno56.1%2024 · 31 of 37 states

Literacy, men: highest in Borno (56.1%), lowest in Kebbi (34.8%), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Women aged 15–49 who are literate (%)

  • Sokoto16.4%2024 · 36 of 37 states
  • Zamfara25.0%2024 · 32 of 37 states
  • Kebbi10.7%2024 · 37 of 37 states
  • Borno43.8%2024 · 27 of 37 states

Literacy, women: highest in Borno (43.8%), lowest in Kebbi (10.7%), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together

Energy

Households with electricity (%)

  • Sokoto21.8%2024 · 35 of 37 states
  • Zamfara27.0%2024 · 31 of 37 states
  • Kebbi18.8%2024 · 36 of 37 states
  • Borno23.8%2024 · 33 of 37 states

Households with electricity: highest in Zamfara (27.0%), lowest in Kebbi (18.8%), 2024.

Source: The DHS Program (ICF), Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS Program API).

Together